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Limited coverage High losses in non-line of sight Limited deployment scenario (FWA only) Product ecosystem readiness
However, these can be compensated using latest techniques and advancement in ICT world. Below are the key techniques:
Beamforming technique as discussed in section 2(a) helps to address the above challenges in mmWave. Beamforming will help to overcome the propagation losses by pointing narrow beams towards the users and called as beamforming gain. There are other techniques in beamforming that helps to improve coverage and mobility in mmWave. Beam forming
1. Beam Sweeping: It is the technique to transmit the
beams in predefined directions in a burst at regular intervals to provide the continuous coverage of control channels for all the UE present in a cell. Typically, the primary and secondary synchronization signals and broadcast channels get transmitted at regular intervals in each beam to provide initial access and keep the UE connected to the network. multiple beams in beamforming used in mmWave and a UE is latched to the best serving beam for data transmission with the network. If the UE technique helps to select the best serving beam for that UE at the new location for smother mobility and provide continuous coverage. moves out of that beam coverage, Beam switching
Figure 6: Beam sweeping
2. Beam Switching: There are
Beam Switching UE1
UE 1
UE 2
Cross polarized antenna elements at -45 and +45 deg, Radiating at different frequency
Figure 7: Beam Switching
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