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The capacity constraints and frequency bandwidth shortage in low and mid band spectrum experienced by wireless communications has especially motivated the use of the unutilized mmWave bands to meet the forecasted data traffic growth. The mmWave spectrum for 5G use is typically from 24 GHz and up till 71 GHz as per 3GPP TR 38.101-2. This spectrum band is also popularly known as FR2 in cellular world. Due to inherent unique characteristics of mmWave, this band is essential for the deployment of high-capacity, low-latency 5G networks. It complements low band (<2 GHz) and mid-band (2 GHz – 7 GHz) spectrum implementations in dense urban areas and provides fiber-like throughput to suburban and rural areas through 5G fixed wireless access (FWA) technology. It also ensures reliable, secure, and low-latency networks for Industry 4.0.v The mmWave spectrum comes with huge spectrum range (in GHz) and offers large channel bandwidth ranging from 50 MHz to 400 MHz for the mmWave frequencies till 52 GHz and channel bandwidth up to 2000 MHz for the frequencies ranging from 52 GHz to 71 GHz as per 3GPP release 17. This makes it unique to build high-capacity networks for innovative use cases and digital evolution of global community. Importance of mmWave in 5G and its Global Status Role of mmWave in IMT 2020 5G vision and use cases
5G use cases using mmWave are described in figure 1:
Small cells
FWA
Enterprise
Ultra low latency application for Industry 4.0 Smart offices and factories High accuracy indoor positioning
Hotspots Smart cities Public transport Special event
Broadband Enabler for metaverse, UHD videos Real time gaming
Figure 1: mmWave 5G use cases
The mmWave frequency range is quite wide in 3GPP ranging from 24 GHz to 71 GHz. However, the most popular mmWave spectrum range as of today is 24 GHz to 28 GHz as these frequencies share a lot of the same performance characteristics. The other preferred mmWave band range is from 37 GHz to 40 GHz and 47 GHz frequencies across the globe. Table 1 below shows FR2 operating bands as per 3GPP Release 17. Global mmWave spectrum view
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